The military partnership between Pakistan and China has developed over several decades, influenced by mutual strategic interests and aligned regional objectives. This alliance, which has historical roots in cooperation, is currently facing new challenges, particularly due to rising security threats within Pakistan. The increasing frequency of attacks by separatist factions, such as the Baluchistan Liberation Army (BLA), targeting Chinese nationals and initiatives, presents a considerable challenge to this bilateral relationship. In response, Islamabad has implemented extensive military strategies aimed at mitigating these risks, with the objective of safeguarding Chinese investments and maintaining its enduring alliance with Beijing.
Pakistan and China established formal diplomatic ties in 1951, yet it was during the 1960s, against a backdrop of shared hostility towards India, that their military collaboration significantly strengthened. Over time, this partnership has evolved to encompass not only conventional defence strategies but also advanced technology transfers, joint military drills, and strategic initiatives like the development of the JF-17 Thunder fighter jets. A pivotal moment in their alliance was marked by the initiation of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a key component of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). CPEC is intended to serve as a transformative framework for Pakistan’s economy while simultaneously enhancing its strategic significance for China. Nevertheless, this economic corridor has also attracted the attention of separatist groups, underscoring the dangers that Beijing encounters with its deepening involvement in Pakistan.
